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Java设计模式之中介者模式


基本介绍

  • 中介者模式(Mediator Pattern),用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使各个对象不需要显式地相互引用,
    从而使其耦合松散,而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互

  • 中介者模式属于行为型模式,使代码易于维护

  • 比如MVC模式,C(Controller控制器)M(Model模型)V(View视图)的中介者,在前后端交互时起到了中间人的作用

原理类图

  • Mediator就是抽象中介者,定义了同事对象到中介者对象的接口

  • Colleague是抽象同事类

  • Concretemediator具体的中介者对象,实现抽象方法,他需要知道所有的具体的同事类,即以一个集合来管理Hashmap,并接受某个同事对象消息,完成相应的任务

  • ConcreteColleague具体的同事类,会有很多,每个同事只知道自己的行为,而不了解其他同事类的行为(方法),但是他
    们都依赖中介者对象

智能家庭项目:

  • 智能家庭包括各种设备,闹钟、咖啡机、电视机、窗帘 等

  • 主人要看电视时,各个设备可以协同工作,自动完成看电视的准备工作,比如流程为:
    闹铃响起->咖啡机开始做咖啡->窗帘自动落下->电视机开始播放

UML类图


public abstract class Mediator {
    //将给中介者对象,加入到集合中
    public abstract void Register(String colleagueName, Colleague colleague);

    //接收消息, 具体的同事对象发出
    public abstract void GetMessage(int stateChange, String colleagueName);

    public abstract void SendMessage();
}

//具体的中介者类
public class ConcreteMediator extends Mediator {
    //集合,放入所有的同事对象
    private HashMap<String, Colleague> colleagueMap;
    private HashMap<String, String> interMap;

    public ConcreteMediator() {
        colleagueMap = new HashMap<String, Colleague>();
        interMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
    }

    @Override
    public void Register(String colleagueName, Colleague colleague) {
        colleagueMap.put(colleagueName, colleague);


        if (colleague instanceof Alarm) {
            interMap.put("Alarm", colleagueName);
        } else if (colleague instanceof CoffeeMachine) {
            interMap.put("CoffeeMachine", colleagueName);
        } else if (colleague instanceof TV) {
            interMap.put("TV", colleagueName);
        } else if (colleague instanceof Curtains) {
            interMap.put("Curtains", colleagueName);
        }

    }

    //具体中介者的核心方法
    //1. 根据得到消息,完成对应任务
    //2. 中介者在这个方法,协调各个具体的同事对象,完成任务
    @Override
    public void GetMessage(int stateChange, String colleagueName) {

        //处理闹钟发出的消息
        if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof Alarm) {
            if (stateChange == 0) {
                ((CoffeeMachine) (colleagueMap.get(interMap
                        .get("CoffeeMachine")))).StartCoffee();
                ((TV) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("TV")))).StartTv();
            } else if (stateChange == 1) {
                ((TV) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("TV")))).StopTv();
            }

        } else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof CoffeeMachine) {
            ((Curtains) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("Curtains"))))
                    .UpCurtains();

        } else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof TV) {//如果TV发现消息

        } else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof Curtains) {
            //如果是以窗帘发出的消息,这里处理...
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void SendMessage() {

    }

}

public abstract class Colleague {
    private Mediator mediator;
    public String name;

    public Colleague(Mediator mediator, String name) {

        this.mediator = mediator;
        this.name = name;

    }

    public Mediator GetMediator() {
        return this.mediator;
    }

    public abstract void SendMessage(int stateChange);
}

//具体的同事类
public class Alarm extends Colleague {

    //构造器
    public Alarm(Mediator mediator, String name) {
        super(mediator, name);
        //在创建Alarm 同事对象时,将自己放入到ConcreteMediator 对象中[集合]
        mediator.Register(name, this);
    }

    public void SendAlarm(int stateChange) {
        SendMessage(stateChange);
    }

    @Override
    public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
        //调用的中介者对象的getMessage
        this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
    }

}

public class CoffeeMachine extends Colleague {

    public CoffeeMachine(Mediator mediator, String name) {
        super(mediator, name);
        mediator.Register(name, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
        this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
    }

    public void StartCoffee() {
        System.out.println("It's time to startcoffee!");
    }

    public void FinishCoffee() {

        System.out.println("After 5 minutes!");
        System.out.println("Coffee is ok!");
        SendMessage(0);
    }
}

public class Curtains extends Colleague {

    public Curtains(Mediator mediator, String name) {
        super(mediator, name);
        mediator.Register(name, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
        this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
    }

    public void UpCurtains() {
        System.out.println("I am holding Up Curtains!");
    }

}

public class TV extends Colleague {

    public TV(Mediator mediator, String name) {
        super(mediator, name);
        mediator.Register(name, this);
    }

    @Override
    public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
        this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
    }

    public void StartTv() {
        System.out.println("It's time to StartTv!");
    }

    public void StopTv() {
        System.out.println("StopTv!");
    }
}

public class ClientTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建一个中介者对象
        Mediator mediator = new ConcreteMediator();

        //创建Alarm 并且加入到  ConcreteMediator 对象的HashMap
        Alarm alarm = new Alarm(mediator, "alarm");

        //创建了CoffeeMachine 对象,并  且加入到  ConcreteMediator 对象的HashMap
        CoffeeMachine coffeeMachine = new CoffeeMachine(mediator,
                "coffeeMachine");

        //创建 Curtains , 并  且加入到  ConcreteMediator 对象的HashMap
        Curtains curtains = new Curtains(mediator, "curtains");
        TV tV = new TV(mediator, "TV");

        //让闹钟发出消息
        alarm.SendAlarm(0);
        coffeeMachine.FinishCoffee();
        alarm.SendAlarm(1);
    }

}

中介者模式的注意事项和细节

  • 多个类相互耦合,会形成网状结构, 使用中介者模式将网状结构分离为星型结构,进行解耦

  • 减少类间依赖,降低了耦合,符合迪米特原则

  • 中介者承担了较多的责任,一旦中介者出现了问题,整个系统就会受到影响

  • 如果设计不当,中介者对象本身变得过于复杂,这点在实际使用时,要特别注意


文章作者: shaoshaossm
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特別声明外,均采用 CC BY 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来源 shaoshaossm !
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