发布确认
首先发布消息后进行备份在缓存里,如果消息成功发布确认到交换机,则从缓存里删除该消息,如果没有成功发布,则设置一个定时任务,重新从缓存里获取消息发布到交换机,直到成功发布到交换机。
案例
在配置文件中添加
server.port=8088
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.174.131
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=359
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
NONE
值是禁用发布确认模式,是默认值CORRELATED
值是发布消息成功到交换器后会触发回调方法SIMPLE
值经测试有两种效果,其一效果和 CORRELATED 值一样会触发回调方法,其二在发布消息成功后使用 rabbitTemplate 调用 waitForConfirms 或 waitForConfirmsOrDie 方法等待 broker 节点返回发送结果,根据返回结果来判定下一步的逻辑,要注意的点是 waitForConfirmsOrDie 方法如果返回 false 则会关闭 channel,则接下来无法发送消息到 broker;
配置类:ConfirmConfig
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 10:33
* @Description: 发布确认高级
*/
@Configuration
public class ConfirmConfig {
//交换机
public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange";
//队列
public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue";
//routingKey
public static final String CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY = "key1";
// 声明交换机
@Bean("confirmExchange")
public DirectExchange confirmExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
//声明队列
@Bean("confirmQueue")
public Queue confirmQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
//绑定
@Bean
public Binding queueBindingExchange(@Qualifier("confirmQueue") Queue confirmQueue,
@Qualifier("confirmExchange") DirectExchange confirmExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(confirmQueue).to(confirmExchange).with(CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY);
}
}
回调确认:MyCallBack
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 11:13
* @Description:
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
// 注入
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
}
/**
* 交换机确认回调方法
*
* @param correlationData correlation data for the callback.
* @param ack true for ack, false for nack
* @param cause An optional cause, for nack, when available, otherwise null.
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
String id = correlationData != null ? correlationData.getId() : "";
if (ack) {
log.info("交换机已经收到了ID为: {} 的消息", id);
} else {
log.info("交换机还未收到ID为:{}的消息,由于原因:{}", id, cause);
}
}
}
消息生产者:ProductController
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 10:56
* @Description: 高级消息发布 消息生产者
*/
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/confirm")
@RestController
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}")
public void sendMessage(@PathVariable("message") String message) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY, message, correlationData);
log.info("发送消息内容:{}", message);
}
}
接收消息:Consumer
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 11:02
* @Description: 发布高级 接收消息
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Consumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveConfirmMessage(Message message) {
System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
log.info("Consumer.receiveConfirmMessage业务结束,接收到的消息: {}", new String(message.getBody()));
}
}
启动项目,输入地址发布消息:http://localhost:8088/confirm/sendMessage/大家好1
开始模拟交换机出故障
修改交换机名称 CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME+"11"
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 10:56
* @Description: 高级消息发布 消息生产者
*/
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/confirm")
@RestController
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}")
public void sendMessage(@PathVariable("message") String message) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME+"11", ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY, message, correlationData);
log.info("发送消息内容:{}", message);
}
}
启动项目,输入地址发布消息:http://localhost:8088/confirm/sendMessage/大家好1
开始模拟routingkey出故障
修改 CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY + "2"
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 10:56
* @Description: 高级消息发布 消息生产者
*/
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/confirm")
@RestController
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/sendMessage/{message}")
public void sendMessage(@PathVariable("message") String message) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY, message, correlationData);
log.info("发送消息内容:{}", message);
CorrelationData correlationData2 = new CorrelationData("2");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME, ConfirmConfig.CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY + "2", message, correlationData2);
log.info("发送消息内容:{}", message);
}
}
交换机都收到消息了,但队列只收到了一份消息,第二个改变了routingkey的消息没收到
application.properties添加代码
server.port=8088
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.174.131
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=admin
spring.rabbitmq.password=hxl151359
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=correlated
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
添加配置类:MyCallBack2
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 11:13
* @Description:
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MyCallBack2 implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnsCallback {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
rabbitTemplate.setReturnsCallback(this);
}
/**
* 只有不可达目的地的时候 才进行回退
*
* @param returned the returned message and metadata.
*/
@Override
public void returnedMessage(ReturnedMessage returned) {
log.error("消息{},被交换机{}退回,退回原因:{},路由key:{}",
new String(returned.getMessage().getBody()), returned.getExchange(),
returned.getReplyText(), returned.getRoutingKey());
}
}
启动项目,输入地址发布消息:http://localhost:8088/confirm/sendMessage/大家好1
备份交换机
什么是备份交换机呢?备份交换机可以理解为 RabbitMQ 中交换机的“备胎”,当我们为某一个交换机声明一个对应的备份交换机时,就是为它创建一个备胎,当交换机接收到一条不可路由消息时,将会把这条消息转发到备份交换机中,由备份交换机来进行转发和处理,通常备份交换机的类型为 Fanout ,这样就能把所有消息都投递到与其绑定的队列中,然后我们在备份交换机下绑定一个队列,这样所有那些原交换机无法被路由的消息,就会都进 入这个队列了。当然,我们还可以建立一个报警队列,用独立的消费者来进行监测和报警。
案例
- 需要一个备份交换机
backup.exchange
,类型为fanout
,该交换机发送消息到队列backup.queue
和warning.queue
修改高级发布配置类ConfirmConfig
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 10:33
* @Description: 发布确认高级 -备份
*/
@Configuration
public class ConfirmConfig {
//交换机
public static final String CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME = "confirm_exchange";
//队列
public static final String CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME = "confirm_queue";
//routingKey
public static final String CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY = "key1";
//关于备份的
//交换机
public static final String BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME = "backup_exchange";
//队列
public static final String BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME = "backup_queue";
//报警队列
public static final String WARNING_QUEUE_NAME = "warning_queue";
//声明交换机,设置该交换机的备份交换机
@Bean("confirmExchange")
public DirectExchange confirmExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(CONFIRM_EXCHANGE_NAME)
.durable(true).withArgument("alternate-exchange", BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME).build();
}
//声明队列
@Bean("confirmQueue")
public Queue confirmQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(CONFIRM_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
//绑定
@Bean
public Binding queueBindingExchange(@Qualifier("confirmQueue") Queue confirmQueue,
@Qualifier("confirmExchange") DirectExchange confirmExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(confirmQueue).to(confirmExchange).with(CONFIRM_ROUTING_KEY);
}
//备份交换机的创建
@Bean("backupExchange")
public FanoutExchange backupExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(BACKUP_EXCHANGE_NAME);
}
//声明备份队列
@Bean("backupQueue")
public Queue backupQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(BACKUP_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
//声明报警队列
@Bean("warningQueue")
public Queue warningQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable(WARNING_QUEUE_NAME).build();
}
//绑定 备份队列绑定备份交换机
@Bean
public Binding backupQueueBindingBackupExchange(@Qualifier("backupQueue") Queue backupQueue,
@Qualifier("backupExchange") FanoutExchange backupExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(backupQueue).to(backupExchange);
}
//绑定 报警队列绑定备份交换机
@Bean
public Binding warningQueueBindingBackupExchange(@Qualifier("warningQueue") Queue warningQueue,
@Qualifier("backupExchange") FanoutExchange backupExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(warningQueue).to(backupExchange);
}
}
增加警告:WarningConsumer
/**
* @author shaoshao
* @Date 2022/11/27 14:04
* @Description: 报警消费者
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class WarningConsumer {
//接收报警信息
@RabbitListener(queues = ConfirmConfig.WARNING_QUEUE_NAME)
public void receiveWarningMsg(Message message){
String msg = new String(message.getBody());
log.error("报警发现不可路由消息:{}",msg);
}
}
先删除交换机和队列,启动项目,输入地址发布消息:http://localhost:8088/confirm/sendMessage/大家好1
其他知识点
幂等性、优先级队列、惰性队列、集群搭建等可参考尚硅谷文档和视频